منابع مشابه
Physical mechanisms governing pattern fidelity in microscale offset printing
We have studied the offset printing of liquid polymers curable by exposure to ultraviolet light onto flat and unpatterned silicon and glass substrates. The interplay of capillary, viscous, and adhesion forces dominates the dynamics of ink transfer at small feature sizes and low capillary number. For smooth and nonporous substrates, pattern fidelity can be compromised because the ink contact lin...
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Inland waters (lakes, reservoirs, streams, and rivers) are often substantial methane (CH(4)) sources in the terrestrial landscape. They are, however, not yet well integrated in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets. Data from 474 freshwater ecosystems and the most recent global water area estimates indicate that freshwaters emit at least 103 teragrams of CH(4) year(-1), corresponding to 0.65 peta...
متن کاملConsequences of carbon offset payments for the global forest sector
Long-term effects of policies to induce carbon storage in forests were projected with the Global Forest Products Model. Offset payments for carbon sequestered in forest biomass of $15–$50/t CO2e applied in all countries increased CO2 sequestration in world forests by 5–14 billion tons from 2009 to 2030. Limiting implementation to developed countries exported environmental damage from North to S...
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The formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through precipitated carbons emerging from supersaturated metal catalysts is an established mechanism for their growth during the CVD process. Here, the CNT growth mode is determined by the interaction between the substrate and the catalyst nanoparticle, e.g., the tip-growth mode for the weak adhesion between them and the base-growth mode for the strong ...
متن کاملConduction-Band-Offset Rule Governing J-V Distortion in CdS/CI(G)S Solar Cells
A type-I (“spike”) conduction-band offset (CBO) greater than a few tenths of an eV at the n/p interface of a solar cell can lead to significant distortion of the current-voltage (J-V) curve. Such distortion has been observed in CdS/CIS cells, low-gallium CdS/CIGS cells, and CIGS cells with alternative windows that increase the CBO. The basic feature is reduced current collection in forward bias...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
سال: 2010
ISSN: 1757-7780
DOI: 10.1002/wcc.43